GASTROENTEROLOGY

CPT 91035: Esophageal motility study

What this code means, what it should cost, and how to dispute an overcharge.

Fair Price Reference

Medicare allowable
$186
Typical charge range
$400 – $2000
Markup vs Medicare
2.2x – 10.8x

What is CPT 91035?

CPT 91035 (Esophageal motility study) is a gastroenterology billing code defined by the American Medical Association. It's used to bill your insurance or you directly for this service.

What CPT 91035 should cost

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) pays approximately $186 for CPT 91035 under the 2025 Physician Fee Schedule. This is what the federal government has determined is a reasonable payment for this service.

Private insurance typically pays 1.2–1.8x Medicare rates ($223–$335). Hospital chargemaster prices for CPT 91035 often range from $400 to $2000 — a markup of 2.2x to 10.8x over Medicare.

Common overcharges on CPT 91035

Inflated charges, bundled services billed separately, and coding errors are common across medical specialties.

About Gastroenterology billing

Medical procedures like this one are frequently overcharged on hospital bills. Comparing your charge against Medicare allowable and requesting an itemized bill are the first steps to identifying errors.

Request your itemized bill, compare charges against Medicare allowable, and dispute any charges exceeding 150% of the Medicare rate.

How to dispute a CPT 91035 overcharge

  1. Request the itemized bill. You are entitled to a detailed line-by-line bill showing every CPT code billed. Ask in writing.
  2. Compare to Medicare allowable. If the charge exceeds 150% of Medicare ($279), you have grounds to dispute.
  3. Request documentation. For E&M codes, ask for the visit note. For procedures, ask for the operative report. The documentation must justify the code billed.
  4. Send a formal dispute letter. Cite the specific discrepancy between the documentation and the code. Reference Medicare rates and NCCI edits where applicable.
  5. Follow up in writing. Give the provider 30 days to respond. If they don't, escalate to the state attorney general and insurance commissioner.

Got CPT 91035 on your bill?

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Related Gastroenterology codes

CPT 43235
EGD, diagnostic
CPT 43239
EGD with biopsy
CPT 43247
EGD with foreign body removal
CPT 43249
EGD with balloon dilation
CPT 44388
Colonoscopy through stoma
CPT 45378
Colonoscopy, diagnostic
CPT 45380
Colonoscopy with biopsy
CPT 45384
Colonoscopy with polyp removal (hot biopsy)

Related guides

Disclaimer: This information is educational and not legal, medical, or financial advice. Medicare rates and typical charge ranges are approximate and vary by geography and year. CPT is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association. Always verify codes and rates against official sources including the CMS Physician Fee Schedule and FAIR Health Consumer.